Shoulder Labrum Tears and Treatment

What Is the Shoulder Labrum?

The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint, where the head of the humerus (upper arm bone) fits into the glenoid cavity of the scapula (shoulder blade). The labrum is a ring of cartilage that surrounds the glenoid, deepening the socket and providing stability to the joint. The labrum also serves as an attachment point for ligaments and the biceps tendon.

When the labrum is torn, the shoulder can become unstable, painful, and less functional.

Types of Shoulder Labrum Tears

Labrum tears are classified based on their location and cause:

• SLAP Tear (Superior Labrum Anterior to Posterior): A tear at the top of the labrum, where the biceps tendon attaches. Common in overhead athletes and those who perform repetitive motions.
• Bankart Tear: A tear in the lower part of the labrum, often associated with shoulder dislocations.
• Posterior Labrum Tear: A less common tear that occurs at the back of the shoulder joint.
• Degenerative Labrum Tear: Caused by wear and tear over time, often seen in older individuals.

Symptoms of a Shoulder Labrum Tear

The symptoms of a labrum tear can vary but may include:

• Persistent pain in the shoulder, especially during overhead activities.
• A popping, clicking, or grinding sensation in the shoulder.
• Shoulder instability or a feeling that the joint may "give out."
• Limited range of motion or weakness in the shoulder.
• Pain at night or difficulty sleeping on the affected side.

If you experience these symptoms, it’s important to seek evaluation to prevent further damage and restore shoulder function.

Shoulder Labrum Tear Causes and Risk Factors

Labrum tears can result from:

• Trauma: Falls, car accidents, or sudden impacts that stress the shoulder joint.
• Repetitive Movements: Overhead motions, such as throwing or swimming, can strain the labrum over time.
• Shoulder Dislocations: A dislocated shoulder often tears the labrum, especially in younger patients or athletes.
• Aging: Natural wear and tear can weaken the labrum, making it more susceptible to injury.

Diagnosing a Shoulder Labrum Tear

At Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush, diagnosing a labrum tear involves:

• Medical History and Physical Exam: Assessing symptoms, shoulder stability, and range of motion.
• Imaging Studies: MRI or MR arthrography with contrast dye can provide detailed images of the labrum.
• Arthroscopic Evaluation: In some cases, a minimally invasive procedure is used to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Options for Shoulder Labrum Tears

Our specialists provide comprehensive, patient-centered care for labrum tears, offering both non-surgical and surgical treatments tailored to your condition.

Non-Surgical Treatments

• Physical Therapy: Strengthening the surrounding muscles to improve stability and reduce strain on the labrum.
• Medications: Anti-inflammatory drugs to manage pain and swelling.
• Activity Modification: Avoiding activities that aggravate symptoms while the labrum heals.
• Injections: Corticosteroid or platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections for pain relief and healing support.

Surgical Treatments

If non-surgical treatments do not provide sufficient relief or if the tear is severe, surgery may be necessary. Our team specializes in minimally invasive arthroscopic techniques, which include:

• Labrum Repair: Stitching the torn edges of the labrum back together.
• Labrum Reconstruction: Using grafts to replace damaged or missing labrum tissue.
• Biceps Tenodesis or Tenotomy: Reattaching or releasing the biceps tendon if it is contributing to the tear.

What to Expect During Recovery

Recovery from a shoulder labrum tear depends on the type of tear and treatment. Key aspects of recovery include:

• Initial Protection: A sling is typically worn for several weeks after surgery to protect the shoulder.
• Physical Therapy: A structured rehabilitation program to restore range of motion, strength, and stability.
• Gradual Return to Activity: Most patients can resume light activities within a few months, with full recovery taking 4-6 months for non-athletes and up to 9 months for athletes.

Why Choose Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush?

Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush is a leader in shoulder care, offering expertise in diagnosing and treating labrum tears. Our fellowship-trained specialists use state-of-the-art technology and minimally invasive techniques to provide personalized care and optimal outcomes.